{"id":1258,"date":"2022-03-29T17:58:29","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T14:58:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/?p=1258"},"modified":"2022-04-21T13:43:51","modified_gmt":"2022-04-21T10:43:51","slug":"kadinlarin-kurtulusu-icin-sosyalist-feminizm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/2022\/03\/29\/kadinlarin-kurtulusu-icin-sosyalist-feminizm\/","title":{"rendered":"Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in sosyalist feminizm"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n orijinali, \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi-D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Correspondencia Internacional\u2019in (Uluslararas\u0131 Haberle\u015fme) Pandemi ve Kapitalist Kriz Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kad\u0131nlar<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Yazar: Mercedes Trimarchi \u2013 Sosyalist Sol ve Isadora (Arjantin)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7eviri: Kad\u0131n Dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n

Feminist m\u00fccadeleler sayesinde, bug\u00fcne kadar kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fam kalitesini y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli k\u0131smi kazan\u0131mlar elde edebildik. \u00d6rne\u011fin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dalgan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u015fkuyla \u0130rlanda (2018), Yeni Zelanda (2020) ve Arjantin\u2019de (2020) iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131n\u0131, Suudi Arabistan\u2019da araba kullanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 (2018) kazand\u0131k. Danimarka\u2019da cinsel istismarla ilgili yasalar de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve nihayet bu y\u0131l\u0131n 1 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fcnden itibaren, a\u00e7\u0131k r\u0131zan\u0131n yoklu\u011funda cinsel ili\u015fkinin tecav\u00fcz oldu\u011fu kabul edildi. Sinema devi Harvey Weinstein\u2019\u0131n (2020) cinsel istismardan 23 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131 almas\u0131 da seferberlikler sayesinde elde edilen ilerlemenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Elde edilen ba\u015far\u0131lar herhangi bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin veya parlamentonun tavizleri de\u011fil, y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren m\u00fccadelelerimizin sonucudur. \u00dcstelik, gerici ve muhafazak\u00e2r kesimler bu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in her ko\u015fuldan yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan, mevcut kapitalist kriz \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaferler ge\u00e7ici olabilir. Elbette esas olan, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir m\u00fccadele ve seferberlik s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmemizdir, ancak bazen temel taleplerimiz i\u00e7in verdi\u011fimiz m\u00fccadeleye ayn\u0131 zamanda kapitalist ve patriyarkal toplumun temel ta\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 verilmesi gereken daha stratejik bir m\u00fccadele de e\u015flik etmelidir. E\u011fer bu m\u00fccadeleyi sonuna kadar vermezsek ve sosyalist bir toplumun temellerini atacak bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7in sava\u015fmazsak, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kurtulu\u015funu elde edemeyece\u011fiz. Bu nedenle \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi – D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal (\u0130UB-DE) olarak kendimizi sosyalist feministler olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

E\u015fit haklar i\u00e7in demokratik bir m\u00fccadele<\/strong><\/p>\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda burjuva demokratik devrimlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla birlikte, erkekler e\u011fitime eri\u015fim veya oy kullanma hakk\u0131 gibi yeni ve \u00f6nemli demokratik haklar kazan\u0131rken, kad\u0131nlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 arka planda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1789 Frans\u0131z Devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, feodal iktidar\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na, monar\u015fik mutlakiyet\u00e7ili\u011fe ve cumhuriyet i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleye aktif olarak kat\u0131lan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fccadele i\u00e7erisindeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman erkeklerinkiyle ayn\u0131 d\u00fczeyde tan\u0131nmad\u0131. Bro\u015f\u00fcrler de kaleme alan Frans\u0131z yazar Olympe de Gouges, 1791\u2019de kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kad\u0131n ve Yurtta\u015f Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi<\/em>\u2019nde kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in e\u015fit haklar, yasalar ve hukuk \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik talep ederek bu durumu k\u0131nad\u0131. Metnin 10. maddesinde \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: \u201cBir kad\u0131n\u0131n eylem k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kma hakk\u0131 varsa, mahkeme \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fit olma hakk\u0131 da olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Biz kad\u0131nlar, o zamandan beri haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yorulmadan sava\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bu m\u00fccadelenin zaman i\u00e7indeki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi farkl\u0131 (feminist) dalgalar kanal\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. K\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse feminizm, kad\u0131n haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in birlik i\u00e7inde m\u00fccadele eden geni\u015f bir siyasi hareket olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Bu, t\u00fcm sosyal s\u0131n\u0131flardan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve hegemonik olmayan kimlikleri erkek d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc alt\u0131na sokan ataerkil bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 merkezi olarak sava\u015fan (\u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131) bir harekettir. G\u00f6revleri merkezi olarak demokratiktir ve erkeklerin y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce fethetti\u011fi haklar\u0131 kazanmakla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu m\u00fccadelenin demokratik bir m\u00fccadele oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek, onu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsedi\u011fimiz anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Aksine, b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fczle bu harekete kat\u0131l\u0131yor ve haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in ortak seferberli\u011fi te\u015fvik ediyoruz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, hareketi sistemin parlamento gibi kurumlar\u0131na g\u00fcven duymaya y\u00f6nlendiren ve sokaklardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan reformist \u00f6nderliklerle de m\u00fccadele ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

Biz sosyalist feministiz diyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131ya ve \u00f6zellikle de kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin daha fazla s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesine izin veren patriyarkal bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131z. Bu kapitalist kriz d\u00f6neminde, kazan\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa olsun, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yozla\u015fmas\u0131 ve gezegenin yok edilmesi pahas\u0131na varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren kapitalist sistemi yok etmeyi ba\u015faramazsak, hi\u00e7bir kazan\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alamayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bunu ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla, onun y\u00f6netmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ittifak i\u00e7inde olmak m\u00fccadelemiz i\u00e7in elzemdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc taleplerimiz ne kadar minimal ve basit olursa olsun, onlar\u0131 sonuna kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrmekle ger\u00e7ekten ilgilenen tek s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131d\u0131r. 1914\u2019te sosyalist Louise Kneeland s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fimizi olduk\u00e7a g\u00fczel \u00f6zetlemi\u015fti: \u201cKim ki sosyalist olup feminist de\u011fil ise derinlikten yoksundur; ama kim ki feminist olup sosyalist de\u011fil ise stratejiden yoksundur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kapitalizme dokunmadan patriyarka devrilebilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesi ve bask\u0131lanmas\u0131, s\u00f6zde irrasyonel bir tabiata sahip olmaktan erkeklerden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck beyinlere, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck zek\u00e2ya sahip olan eksik varl\u0131klar olarak de\u011ferlendirilmemize kadar y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca farkl\u0131 arg\u00fcmanlarla a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131 ve hatta hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, \u00e7ocuk bak\u0131m\u0131 sorumlulu\u011funu bizim \u00fczerimize y\u0131kmak ve bizi ev i\u00e7i alana hapsetmek i\u00e7in \u201ckad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131nda\u201d var olan s\u00f6zde annelik i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcs\u00fc gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli teoriler icat edildi. Ancak, Marksist gelenekten gelen biz sosyalist feministler ba\u015fka bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahibiz.<\/p>\n

Elbette kad\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fersizle\u015ftirilmesi, kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n cinsel objeye indirgenmesi \u00e7ok eski problemler. Marksizm, ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan itibaren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131 ve cinsiyetler aras\u0131nda tam hak ve f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011finden yanayd\u0131. Marx ve Engels, toplumlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesinde \u201cdo\u011fal\u201d hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201ckad\u0131nlar\u0131n ezilmesi\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrecin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan bir toplumsal s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011funu ve bu s\u00fcrecin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarihsel olarak bir kurum kanal\u0131yla sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savundular: patriyarkal aile.<\/p>\n

Patriyarka sadece bir ideoloji de\u011fildir. Liberal feministlerin ve e\u011filimlerin iddia etti\u011finin aksine patriyarka sadece k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fczeyde de\u011fil, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n her alan\u0131nda m\u00fccadele edilmesi gereken bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir bask\u0131 sistemidir. Patriyarkal bask\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olmaktan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sayesinde kapitalizmin daha fazla k\u00e2r elde etmesine hizmet eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bizim \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, partiyarkayla m\u00fccadelenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ayn\u0131 zamanda kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 da m\u00fccadele etmektir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc patriyarka ve kapitalizm i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve el ele ilerleyerek birbirlerini besleyen iki sistemdir. Ve bu kombinasyon kad\u0131nlar ve hegemonik olmayan kimlikler i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu nedenle, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n patriyarkayla m\u00fccadelesinin sadece farkl\u0131 cinsiyet kimlikleri \u00fczerindeki erkek tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na son vermek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her t\u00fcrl\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131ya son vermek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 zamanda kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 bir m\u00fccadele de olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunuyoruz. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in her iki sistemi de \u00e7\u00f6kertmeliyiz ve bu ancak bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Kapitalizm var oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece patriyarkay\u0131 yenmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle feminist m\u00fccadele, t\u00fcm i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kapitalist tahakk\u00fcme kar\u015f\u0131 ve sosyalizmin zaferi i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadeleden ayr\u0131lamaz ve onunla ortakla\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n orijinali, \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi-D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal\u2019in yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Correspondencia Internacional\u2019in (Uluslararas\u0131 Haberle\u015fme) Pandemi ve Kapitalist Kriz Kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kad\u0131nlar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6zel say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar: Mercedes Trimarchi \u2013 Sosyalist Sol ve Isadora (Arjantin) \u00c7eviri: Kad\u0131n Dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Feminist m\u00fccadeleler sayesinde, bug\u00fcne kadar kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fam kalitesini y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli k\u0131smi kazan\u0131mlar elde edebildik. \u00d6rne\u011fin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc dalgan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u015fkuyla […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1260,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[124,117,223,204,188],"class_list":["post-1258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uluslararasi-mucadele","tag-feminist-mucadele","tag-iub-de","tag-kapitalizm","tag-patriyarka","tag-sosyalist-feminizm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1258"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1258\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1665,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1258\/revisions\/1665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindayanismasi.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}